All classes · Class 37
Class 37: Building & Construction: trademark trends & clearance risk
Class 37 is the 19th busiest of the 45 classes, with 288,892 U.S. applications on record and 23,045 waiting for a decision. Its registration rate of 68.8% ranks 14th of 45, above the 61.9% average. Filings rose 2.8% in 2025, the most in a decade. 66.5% of applications filed from 2015 to 2019 drew an Office Action, the 8th highest share. The word used most in its live marks is "services", in 2,434 of them.
What it covers: Building construction; repair; installation services
Words already crowded in Class 37
The words that appear most often in the 116,760 live Class 37 marks. A word that many owners already use gets narrow protection: two marks that share it are usually told apart by the rest of the name. That cuts both ways. A new name built on "services" is easier to fit in, and harder to defend against the next one.
| Word | Live marks using it |
|---|---|
| services | 2,434 |
| solutions | 1,859 |
| construction | 1,675 |
| service | 1,641 |
| home | 1,577 |
| group | 1,475 |
| energy | 1,192 |
| homes | 1,108 |
| plumbing | 1,048 |
| cleaning | 1,029 |
| roofing | 996 |
| systems | 958 |
| air | 950 |
| clean | 913 |
| auto | 864 |
Live marks are registered or pending. Words of three letters or more, counted once per mark; articles and company suffixes left out. Rebuilt weekly.
Check before you file. The free clearance risk check finds marks that look or sound like yours in Class 37, not only exact matches. If your mark has a logo, run it through the logo similarity search too.
Easy to confuse with Class 37
Filing in the wrong class means paying again, so check where your goods or services actually belong.
- Construction, repair and installation are Class 37. Architecture and design are Class 42. Class 42: Computer & Scientific
- Repair is Class 37. Custom manufacturing is Class 40. Class 40: Treatment & Processing
Not sure? Describe what you sell to the class recommender.
Wording that got through in Class 37
The descriptions of goods and services used most often in Class 37 applications that went on to register, filed since 2020. Wording that examiners have accepted thousands of times is a safer start than your own: a description written freely costs $200 more per class and is a common reason for an Office Action asking you to rephrase. Check the exact entry in the USPTO's ID Manual before you file.
| Description | Registered marks using it |
|---|---|
| Real estate development | 1,611 |
| Building construction services | 1,361 |
| Construction project management services | 1,245 |
| Building construction | 1,165 |
| Plumbing services | 1,060 |
| Roofing services | 973 |
| Hvac contractor services | 965 |
| General construction contracting | 964 |
| Construction consultancy | 771 |
| Electrical contractor services | 759 |
| Building construction, remodeling and repair | 695 |
| Roofing installation | 634 |
| General building contractor services | 629 |
| Plumbing contractor services | 586 |
| Roofing repair | 579 |
| Residential building construction | 572 |
| Construction planning | 564 |
| Building construction supervision | 526 |
| Roofing contracting | 474 |
| Construction consultation | 469 |
Each application's description split into its separate items, counted once per application. Source: USPTO records. Rebuilt weekly.
What examination did to Class 37 applications
The 48,827 Class 37 applications filed from 2015 to 2019, followed through their file histories. 70.2% of them registered 8.7 points better than the all-class average.
| What happened | Applications | Share | All 45 classes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Filed in this class | 48,827 | 100% | – |
| Drew at least one Office Action | 32,474 | 66.5% | 58.4% |
| Escalated to a final refusal | 5,753 | 11.8% | 8.9% |
| Abandoned for never answering one | 8,536 | 17.5% | – |
| Registered in the end | 34,272 | 70.2% | 61.5% |
Every share is of the 48,827 applications filed. Rows overlap: an application that drew an Office Action and then registered is counted in both.
Of the 32,474 Class 37 applications that drew one, 26.3% were abandoned for never answering or answering late. Of those that did answer, 86.7% went on to register. If you get one, the deadline matters more than the refusal does: track it here, and put an email address you actually read on the application.
- How long it took. Half the Class 37 applications that registered did so within 12.6 months of filing, and nine in ten within 28.3 months.
- Intent to use. 28.8% reached a Notice of Allowance, with only proof of use left to file. Even then, 38.6% of them were abandoned without a Statement of Use ever being filed, and of the ones that bought three or more extensions first, only 42.2% made it to registration.
- Filing without an attorney. 77.9% of Class 37 applications had an attorney on record, and those registered 75.6% of the time against 51.1% without one. 56.6% of unrepresented applicants who drew an Office Action never answered it. Your odds in Class 37.
Cohort: applications with a filing date from 2015 to 2019, counted once in every class they claim. Outcome is whether a registration ever issued. Source: USPTO file histories. All 45 classes compared. How we count.
Status mix of all filings
| Status | Count | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Live (registered) | 95,552 | 33.1% |
| Pending | 23,045 | 8% |
| Abandoned | 82,835 | 28.7% |
| Cancelled / expired | 87,460 | 30.3% |
Filings by year (last decade)
How many new applications were filed in this class each year. Excludes records with null filing dates (mostly very old paper backfile).
| Year | New filings | Volume |
|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 2,146 | |
| 2016 | 9,081 | |
| 2017 | 9,983 | |
| 2018 | 10,253 | |
| 2019 | 10,495 | |
| 2020 | 11,913 | |
| 2021 | 12,795 | |
| 2022 | 13,090 | |
| 2023 | 13,441 | |
| 2024 | 14,843 | |
| 2025 | 15,264 | |
| 2026 | 12,066 |
Source: USPTO bulk trademark feed. How we count.
International filings in Class 37 (Madrid System)
Where Class 37 marks are designated, and where they are refused
| Country / office | Designations | Provisional | Total refusals | Partial | Refusal rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States (US) | 3,181 | 98.8% | 78 | 8 | 2.5% |
| European Union (EM) | 2,799 | 33.7% | 64 | 20 | 2.3% |
| United Kingdom (GB) | 2,782 | 17.3% | 9 | 10 | 0.3% |
| China (CN) | 2,653 | 76.4% | 459 | 1,052 | 17.3% |
| Switzerland (CH) | 2,318 | 15.4% | 44 | 3 | 1.9% |
| Canada (CA) | 2,280 | 96% | 441 | 0 | 19.3% |
| India (IN) | 2,043 | 56.3% | 381 | 0 | 18.6% |
| Australia (AU) | 1,970 | 44.6% | 6 | 4 | 0.3% |
Most international Class 37 filers come from European Union (7,057), Germany (5,359), France (3,857), Switzerland (2,441), Benelux (1,784), United States (1,724).
WIPO Madrid Monitor data (CC BY 4.0); refusals measured on 2019–2022 registrations. Why we count this way.
Most-active filers in this class
The 10 entities with the most trademark applications in Class 37.
| # | Filer | Applications in this class |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ALEXANDRIA REAL ESTATE EQUITIES, INC. | 646 |
| 2 | Deutsche Telekom AG | 457 |
| 3 | VOLKSWAGEN AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT | 454 |
| 4 | CLOCKWORK IP, LLC | 449 |
| 5 | INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION | 415 |
| 6 | FORD MOTOR COMPANY | 385 |
| 7 | ORKIN EXPANSION, INC. | 379 |
| 8 | CENTEX CORPORATION | 376 |
| 9 | HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES, INC. | 350 |
| 10 | GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY | 331 |
Recently registered in Class 37
The latest marks the USPTO registered in this class, on 29 September 2026.